It seems to me you're misunderstanding the purpose of voting.
Voting out of spite is targeting the user rather than the content. Many such votes are detected and reversed automatically; others may be determined by more manual processes. Voting for the person rather than their post is against the rules (whether it's upvoting or downvoting).
However, a series of poorly-received posts — particularly on main sites — will absolutely trigger the process which will culminate in limiting a person's ability to post more. This isn't censorship per se: it's actually protecting the site from poor quality content, irrelevant content and material which is not a good fit for the site.
Voting on Meta sites is different and is intended to signal agreement or disagreement with a post rather than be a judgement on its quality. For this reason thresholds and limits differ on Meta and Main, although [I guess] it's still possible to post many poorly-received posts and eventually be restricted on Meta sites. That process happens a lot more slowly on Meta sites.
NB: Deleting a downvoted question does not remove it from the algorithm which determines whether a person should be limited in their ability to post. The only way of countering this is to improve a downvoted post: editing allows downvotes to be cancelled or reversed.